طلبه صيدله وخاصه المتدربين منهم معايا فورا للاهميه

يا جماعه انا شوفت موضوع فى منتدى بس هايل بجد تحفه ان كل صيدلى وكل عضو يجيب صوره دواء ويشيل الاسم من عليها وحد يرد ويكتب اسم الدواء والماده الفعاله وااحتياطات والاستخدام وكدا يعنى ويا ريت تكون من الادويه المشهوره والمتداوله بحيث نقدر نثبت المعلومه اكتر ان شاء الله وانا هبتدى علشان اوضح الصوره


بسم الله



زى كده بس انا هجاوب على دى وبكده نعرف شكل العلبه كويس واستخدامه وكل حاجه بطريقه لطيفه
وان شاء الله تعجبكوا














Name ketofan50

active constiuant ketoprofen 50
uses analgesic anti inflmatory like headche and teeeth pain

drug formulation tablet 25 capsules 50 -100 and syrup and suppositeries
contra indication pregnancy
side effect peptic and gastric ulcer

ACCORDINGTO THE CASE dosage







ايه رايكوا اتمنى ان الفكره تعجبكوا
هقول دوا تانى وحد يحله





يا ريت اعرف ان كان يعجبكوا ولا لا


ويا ريت اى حد عنده تعليق على الدوا يقول يعنى مينفعش مع مين وايه بدايله وان شاء الله كلنا نستفيد

الموضوع جااااااااااااااااااااااااامد ومفيد جدا خصوصا لينا المبتدئين بجد



ياريت الناس الكبار يشاركوا فيه



ميرسى للافاده



بس انا كنت عارف الكيتوفان



ماعرفش اللى بعده ده ايه :what:

فكرة هائلة يا اسلااااااام

الدوا دة اسمة
neurovit 20 enteric coated tab
a.c: 1)cyanocobalmine(vit.b12)250mcg
2)pyrodixone(vit.b6) 100mg
3)thiamen HCL(vit.b1) 250mg

uses: ttt of vit.b12 deficency(prencious anemia) and other neurologic disorders

pharmaceutical formulations: 1) enteric coated tab.(20 tab.) (L>E 6)
2)ampule

manufacturer: european egyptian for pharmaceutical industeries co.

بالنسبة للاعراض الجانبية وموانع الاستعمال بصراحة انا ما اعرفهمش بس اظن ان مفيش اعراض جانبية ولا موانع استعمال لان دى كلها فيتامينات فالجسم هيستفيد باللى محتاجة والباقى هيرج من الجسم لان الفيتامينات اصلا بتمتص عن طريق الcarriers
وبيتحكم فيها عملية الsaturation of this carriers
دة اجتهاد منى بس الله اعلم

معلش انا مضطر اقوم دلوقتى لانى لازم اصحى كمان ساعتين فمش هلحق اجيب صورة دوا واحطة فياريت لو حد دخل وحط صورة دوا ياريت يجيب منتج بتاع شرركة تانية غير الشركة الاوروبية (احنا حطينا اتنين كيتوفان ونيورفيت وكدة كفاية

بجد موضوع رائع ومفيد جدا وان شاء الله كلنا نشارك فيه والكل يستفيد :santa: :santa:

:1: يا جماعه والحمد لله انه عجبكوا

بصراحة هااااااااااااااااااايل بجد

وخصوصا للناس اللى مش بيتدربوا زيي

عشان اعرف حاجة وانا فى بيتنا

:santa:

والحمد لله انه عجبكوا
وبعدين فين الادويه هو محدش هيبعت ولا ايه

انا عن نفسي متستنوش مشاركتي بدواء

لأني مش عارفة حاجة

انا هتفرج معاكو بس يمكن استفيد بحاجة

أه والله أصلى مش فاكر حاجه أبدااا

Composition Each 100 g contains: Magnesium citrate 42.49 g Properties and Mode of Action EPIMAG, by alkalinizing urine, minimizes the precipitation of uric acid in the urinary tract during therapy with serum uric acid lowering agents; thus avoiding the danger of mechanical obstruction and urate stone formation. Indications Prevention of urate stone formation in gout and other hyperuricemic states where serum uric acid lowering agents are used. Dosage and Administration One sachet in half a glass of water 3 - 4 times daily. One dose should be kept for bedtime. Precautions Magnesium salts are to be used with caution in impaired renal function. Drug Interactions Oral magnesium salts decrease the absorption of tetracyclines, so, administration should be separated by a number of hours. Contra_indications Cases of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or acute surgical abdomen. Cases with rectal fissures, intestinal obstruction or perforation. Side effects Nausea, diarrhea or abdominal cramps. Presentation Box of 10 sachets of 5 g each.

............................................................

:santa:

name: dexamethasone sodium sulphate

comosition:dexamethasone phosphate as sodium salt 4mg

uses:

1)inhibit inflamation and allergy through inhibitition of reaction

2)it has salt and water retention properities so used in hypotension

side effect:

hyper glycemia, hypokalemia , muscle eweakness

contraindication:

1) hypersenstivity to drug or any component of the drug
2)viral and fungal infection

dose:
allergy: .5 mg _9 mg ( 2 amp. daily)

manufacturer: EIPICO

يلا يا جماعة عايزين ادوية كتير بليز عايزين الموضوع الجامد يستمر

محدش هيجيب ادويه ولا ايه
ولا هفضل ابعت انا وبس

انا حاولت ارفع صور بس مش عارف مش راضية تترفع لية

امرك لله ابعتى انتى وخلاص

ميرسي يا دكتور انسان عالمعلومات المفيدة دي

:1: Dr meme


اليكم ال Drug

مش عارفة حاجة

:1: على المعلومات الجميله دى
وفعلا بنطلع كتير منها وخاصه فلورست
للاسف محدش يعرف المعلومه دى

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاتة

name: furazole

active constituent_metronidazole +diloxanide furoate

بالنسبة للاستخدام هو مطهر معوى ومضاد للاميبا _زى الفلاجيل)
معلش انا مستعجل دلوقتى وان شاء الله اول ما ارجع هلكتب الاستخدامات بتاعتة تانى وموانع الاستعمال والجرعة والاشكال الصيدلانية

التانى ده emox مش كده؟
antibiotic طبعا

قصدك ايه بالتانى دكتور دودا؟

الاتنسن فيورازل يا دكتورة بس الالوان دة دواء شرب والعلبة البيضاء هى اقراص

قعلا مش واخده بالى مشفتوش قبل كده فى الصيدليه
هبقى اشوفه ان شاء الله
:1: للتصحيح

اكمل بقى بقيت الكلام

uses:
intestinal ameoebiasis(effect of metronidazole) and extraintestinal ameobiasis(effect of diloxanide(

contraindication:
1)hypersenstivity to any component of the drug
2)pregnancy

dose:
1tab 3 times daily

pharmaceutical formulation:
1)suspension


2)tablets

manufacturer: EPICO

تمااااااااااااااااام
انا لسه شايفاها على النت بس معرفتش اجيب شكل الدواء وده المطلوب من الموضوع ده
:1: على المعلومات الرائعه

ههههههههههههههههههههههههههه

انا عرفت اسمة دة اسمة اماريل 2 مجم بتاع شركة سانوفى افينتس

نسيت ازاى احذف الحاجه من عليه مش فاكره بس عايزه معلومات عنه

انا أعتقد انى لو قولت انو بيستخدم لعلاج السكر وكتبت عنه كلمتين مش هيكون مفيد لينا كصيادله
فقررت إنى أجيب كل المعلومات عن أى drug أعرفه من على النت ونستفاد مع بعض منها



what is amaryl





Amaryl is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels. This medication helps your body respond better to insulin produced by your pancreas.

Amaryl is used together with diet and exercise to treat type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes. Insulin or other diabetes medicines are sometimes used in combination with this medicine if needed.

Amaryl may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Important information about Amaryl



Do not use Amaryl if you are allergic to glimepiride, or if you are in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis (call your doctor for treatment with insulin).

Take care not to let your blood sugar get too low, which can be caused by stress, skipping a meal, exercising too long, or drinking alcohol.

Know the signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and how to recognize them. Always keep a source of sugar available in case you have symptoms of low blood sugar. Sugar sources include orange juice, glucose gel, candy, or milk. Severe hypoglycemia may cause loss of consciousness, seizures, or death. If you have severe hypoglycemia and cannot eat or drink, use an injection of glucagon. Your doctor can give you a prescription for a glucagon emergency injection kit and tell you how to give the injection. If your blood sugar gets too high (hyperglycemia), you may feel very thirsty or hungry. You may also urinate more than usual. Call your doctor right away if you have any symptoms of hyperglycemia.

Amaryl is only part of a complete program of treatment that also includes diet, exercise, and weight control. Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely. Changing any of these factors can affect your blood sugar levels.
Before taking Amaryl



You should not use Amaryl if you are allergic to glimepiride, or if you are in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis (call your doctor for treatment with insulin).

If you have certain conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take this medication. Before you take Amaryl, tell your doctor if you have:

<LI itxtvisited="1">heart disease;
<LI itxtvisited="1">liver or kidney disease;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

an enzyme deficiency called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

adrenal or pituitary gland problems; or

• 
  
  if you are under-nourished.
  

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether Amaryl is harmful to an unborn baby. Before using Amaryl, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether glimepiride passes into breast milk or if it could be harmful to a nursing baby. Do not take Amaryl without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby





How should I take Amaryl?



Take Amaryl exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger or smaller amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Your dose needs may change if you are ill, if you have a fever or infection, or if you have surgery or a medical emergency.

Do not change your dose of Amaryl without first talking to your doctor. Amaryl is usually taken once a day with breakfast or the first main meal of the day. Follow your doctor's instructions. Take Amaryl with a full glass of water.

Take care not to let your blood sugar get too low, causing hypoglycemia. You may have hypoglycemia if you skip a meal, exercise too long, drink alcohol, or are under stress.

Know the signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and how to recognize them. Always keep a source of sugar available in case you have symptoms of low blood sugar. Sugar sources include orange juice, glucose gel, candy, or milk. Severe hypoglycemia may cause loss of consciousness, seizures, or death. If you have severe hypoglycemia and cannot eat or drink, use an injection of glucagon. Your doctor can give you a prescription for a glucagon emergency injection kit and tell you how to give the injection.

To be sure Amaryl is helping your condition, you will need to check your blood sugar at home. Your blood will also need to be tested by your doctor on a regular basis. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

Amaryl is only part of a complete program of treatment that also includes diet, exercise, and weight control. Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely. Changing any of these factors can affect your blood sugar levels.

It is important to take Amaryl regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.

Store Amaryl at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
What happens if I miss a dose?



Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?



Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. An Amaryl overdose can cause life-threatening hypoglycemia.

Symptoms of severe hypoglycemia include extreme weakness, blurred vision, sweating, trouble speaking, tremors, stomach pain, confusion, seizure (convulsions), and coma.
What should I avoid while taking Amaryl?



Avoid drinking alcohol. It lowers blood sugar and may interfere with your diabetes treatment. Avoid exposure to sunlight, sunlamps, or tanning beds. Amaryl can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight, and a sunburn may result. Wear protective clothing and use sunscreen (SPF 15 or higher) when you are outdoors.
Amaryl side effects



Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

<LI itxtvisited="1">

severe skin rash, itching, redness, or irritation;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding, fever, unusual weakness;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

dark urine, clay-colored stools;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

upper stomach pain, low fever, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or

• 
  
  nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, feeling restless or irritable, confusion, hallucinations, muscle pain or weakness, and/or seizure.
  

Less serious Amaryl side effects may include:

<LI itxtvisited="1">

dizziness, headache, tired feeling;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

mild nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

increased skin sensitivity to sunlight; or

• 
  
  mild itching or skin rash.
  

Know the signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and how to recognize them. Always keep a source of sugar available in case you have symptoms of low blood sugar. Sugar sources include orange juice, glucose gel, candy, or milk. Severe hypoglycemia may cause loss of consciousness, seizures, or death. If you have severe hypoglycemia and cannot eat or drink, give an injection of glucagon. Your doctor can give you a prescription for a glucagon emergency injection kit and tell you how to give the injection. If your blood sugar gets too high (hyperglycemia), you may feel very thirsty or hungry. You may also urinate more than usual. Call your doctor right away if you have any symptoms of hyperglycemia.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What other drugs will affect Amaryl?



Using certain medicines can make it harder for you to tell when you have low blood sugar. Tell your doctor if you use any of the following:

<LI itxtvisited="1">

albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

clonidine (Catapres);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

reserpine;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

guanethidine (Ismelin); or

• 
  
  a beta-blocker such as atenolol (Tenormin), carvedilol (Coreg), labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol), nadolol (Corgard), propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran), sotalol (Betapace), and others.
  

You may be more likely to have hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) if you are taking Amaryl other drugs that lower blood sugar. Drugs that can lower blood sugar include:

<LI itxtvisited="1">

clarithromycin (Biaxin);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

probenecid (Benemid);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

aspirin or other salicylates (including Pepto-Bismol);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

a blood thinner (warfarin, Coumadin and others);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI); and

• 
  
  sulfa drugs (Bactrim, Gantanol, Septra, and others).
  

You may be more likely to have hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) if you are taking Amaryl with other drugs that raise blood sugar. Drugs that can raise blood sugar include:

<LI itxtvisited="1">

isoniazid;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

diuretics (water pills);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

steroids (prednisone and others);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

phenothiazines (Compazine and others);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

thyroid medicine (Synthroid and others);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

birth control pills and other hormones;
<LI itxtvisited="1">

seizure medicines (Dilantin and others);
<LI itxtvisited="1">

diet pills; and

• 
  
  medicines to treat asthma, colds or allergies.
  

These lists are not complete and there are many other medicines that can increase or decrease the effects of Amaryl on lowering your blood sugar. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list with you of all the medicines you use and show this list to any doctor or other healthcare provider who treats you.



>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

AMARYL® 1 (tablets)
AMARYL® 2 (tablets)
AMARYL® 4 (tablets)

SCHEDULING STATUS:
S3

PROPRIETARY NAME
(and dosage form):

AMARYL^® 1 (tablets)
AMARYL^® 2 (tablets)
AMARYL^® 4 (tablets)

COMPOSITION:
Per tablet:
Glimepiride 1 mg
Glimepiride 2 mg
Glimepiride 4 mg

PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION:
A 21.2 Oral hypoglycaemics

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION:
AMARYL^® is a sulfonylurea. AMARYL^® decreases blood glucose concentrations mainly by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. This effect is based predominantly on an improved responsiveness of the pancreatic beta cells to the physiological glucose stimulus. Glimepiride also has extra pancreatic (insulin-sensitizing and insulin-mimetic) effects.
The effect of glimepiride is dose-dependent over the dose range of 1 to 6 mg. The physiological response to acute physical exercise, i.e. reduction of insulin secretion, is still present with glimepiride.
There was no significant difference in effect regardless of whether the drug was given 30 minutes or immediately before a meal. In diabetic patients, metabolic control over 24 hours can be achieved with a single dose.
The absolute bioavailability of glimepiride is complete. Food intake has no relevant influence on absorption. Maximum serum concentrations are reached approximately 2,5 hours after oral intake and there is a linear relationship between dose and both maximum concentrations and area under the time/concentration curve.
Glimepiride has a high protein binding (>99%). Mean dominant serum half-life, which is of relevance for the serum concentrations under multiple-dose conditions, is about 5 to 8 hours. After single dose radio labelled glimepiride, 58% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine, and 35% in the faeces. No unchanged substance was detected in the urine.
Pharmacokinetics was similar in males and females, as well as in young and elderly patients.

INDICATIONS:
AMARYL^® is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower the blood glucose in patients with non-insulin-dependent (Type II) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) whose hyperglycaemia cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone.
AMARYL^® is not suitable for the treatment of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (e.g. for the treatment of diabetics with a history of ketoacidosis, of diabetic ketoacidosis, or of diabetic precoma or coma).

CONTRA-INDICATIONS:
AMARYL^® must not be used in patients hypersensitive to glimepiride, other sulphonylureas, other sulfonamides, or any of the excipients (risk of hypersensitivity reactions), in pregnant or breast-feeding women as safety has not been shown impaired liver function and moderate to more severe impaired renal function, and children.

WARNINGS:
SPECIAL WARNING ON INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY. The administration of oral hypoglycaemic drugs has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality as compared to treatment with diet alone or diet plus insulin. This warning is based on the study conducted by the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP), a long-term, prospective clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of glucose-lowering drugs in preventing or delaying vascular complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The study involved 823 patients who were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (Diabetes, 19 supp.2: 747-830.1970). UGDP reported that patients treated for 5 to 8 years with diet plus a fixed dose of tolbutamide (1,5 grams per day) had a rate of cardiovascular mortality approximately 2 -1/2 times that of patients treated with diet alone. A significant increase in total mortality was not observed, but the use of tolbutamide was discontinued based on the increase in cardiovascular mortality, thus limiting the opportunity for the study to show an increase in overall mortality. Despite controversy regarding the interpretation of these results, the findings of the UGDP study provide an adequate basis for this warning. The patient should be informed of the potential risks and advantages of AMARYL^® (glimepiride tablets) and of alternative modes of therapy.
Although only one drug in the sulfonylurea class (tolbutamide) was included in this study, it is prudent from a safety standpoint to consider that this warning may also apply to other oral hypoglycaemic drugs in this class. In view of their close similarities in mode of action and chemical structure.

DOSAGE AND DIRECTIONS FOR USE:
The dosage of AMARYL^® is determined by the desired blood glucose level. The dosage of glimepiride must be the lowest which is sufficient to achieve the desired metabolic control.
During treatment with AMARYL^® glucose levels in blood and urine must be measured regularly. In addition, it is recommended that regular determinations of the proportion of glycated haemoglobin be carried out.

If a patient forgets to take a dose, this must never be corrected by subsequently taking a larger dose. Measures for dealing with such situations (in particular forgetting a dose or skipping a meal) where a dose cannot be taken at the prescribed time must be discussed and agreed between physician and patient beforehand.

If it is discovered that too high a dose or an extra dose of AMARYL^® has been taken, a physician must be notified immediately.
Initial dose and dose titration:
The usual initial dose is 1 mg AMARYL^® once daily.
If necessary, the daily dose can be increased. It is recommended that the increase be guided by regular blood glucose monitoring, and that the dose be increased gradually, i.e. at intervals of one to two weeks and according to the following dose steps: 1 mg - 2 mg - 3 mg - 4 mg - 6 mg. Daily doses of more than 6 mg are more effective only in a minority of patients. A maximum of 8 mg per day may not be exceeded.
Dose range in patients with well controlled diabetes:
Usual daily doses in patients with well controlled diabetes are 1 to 4 mg AMARYL^®.
Distribution of doses:
Timing and distribution of doses are to be decided by the physician, taking into consideration the patient's current life-style.
Normally a single daily dose of AMARYL^® is sufficient.
It is recommended that this dose be taken immediately before a substantial breakfast or - if none is taken - immediately before the first main meal.
It is very important not to skip meals after the tablet(s) have been taken.
Secondary dosage adjustment:
An improvement in the control of diabetes is associated with higher insulin sensitivity, therefore glimepiride requirements may fall as treatment proceeds. To avoid hypoglycaemia, dose reduction or cessation of AMARYL^® therapy must therefore be considered, in time. Correction of dosage must also be considered, whenever the patient's weight changes, the patient's lifestyle changes or other factors arise which cause an increased susceptibility to hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia (refer to "Special Precautions").
Duration of treatment:
Treatment with AMARYL^® is normally long-term therapy.
Change-over from other oral antidiabetics to AMARYL^®:
There is no exact dosage relationship between AMARYL^® and other oral antidiabetics. When substituting AMARYL^® for other oral antidiabetics, it is recommended that the procedure be the same as for initial dosage, starting with daily doses of 1 mg. This applies even in cases where the patient is being switched from the maximum dose of another oral antidiabetic.
Administration:
AMARYL^® tablets must be swallowed whole with approximately ½ glass of water.

SIDE-EFFECTS AND SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS:
Side-effects
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia (sometimes life-threatening) may occur as a result of the blood-glucose-lowering action of AMARYL^®. This happens when there is an imbalance between AMARYL^® dosage, carbohydrate intake (diet), physical exercise and other factors influencing metabolism.
Possible symptoms of hypoglycaemia include headache, ravenous hunger, nausea, vomiting, lassitude, sleepiness, sleep disorders, restlessness, aggressiveness, impaired concentration, impaired alertness and reactions, depression, confusion, speech disorders, aphasia, visual disorders, tremor, paresis, sensory disturbances, dizziness, helplessness, loss of self-control, delirium, cerebral convulsions, somnolence and loss of consciousness up to and including coma, shallow respiration and bradycardia.
In addition, signs of adrenergic counter-regulation may be present such as sweating, clammy skin, anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmias.
The clinical picture of a severe hypoglycaemic attack may resemble that of a stroke.
The symptoms of hypoglycaemia may persist if hypoglycaemia is corrected.
Eyes
Especially at the start of treatment, there may be temporary visual impairment due to the change in blood glucose levels. The cause is a temporary alteration in the turgidity and hence the refractive index of the lens, this being dependent on blood glucose level.
Digestive tract
Occasionally, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensations of pressure or fullness in the epigastrium, abdominal pain and diarrhoea may occur.
In isolated cases, there may be elevation of liver enzyme levels, impairment of liver function (e.g. with cholestasis and jaundice) and hepatitis which may also lead to life-threatening liver failure.
Blood
Potentially life-threatening changes in the blood picture may occur, such as thrombocytopenia and, in isolated cases, leucopenia. AMARYL^®, in addition to the above, may cause haemolytic anaemia or erythrocytopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis and (e.g. due to myelosuppression) pancytopenia.
Allergic or pseudoallergic reactions may occur such as itching, urticaria or rashes. These mild reactions may develop into serious and even life-threatening reactions with dyspnoea and a fall in blood pressure, sometimes progressing to shock. In the event of urticaria a physician must therefore be notified immediately.
In isolated cases, a decrease in serum sodium concentration has been seen and allergic vasculitis or hypersensitivity of the skin to light may occur.
If any of these reactions occur a doctor should be consulted.
Alertness and reactions may be impaired due to hypo- or hyperglycaemia, especially when beginning or after altering treatment, or when AMARYL^® is not taken regularly. This may, for example, affect the ability to drive or to operate machinery.

أسف على صغر الخط

أكيد طبعا فى ناس مش هتشوف الخط دا .....لو فى مشاكل قدمهم يعملو copy&paste فى صفحه word ويكبرو الخط بالطريقه الى تريحهم





Special precautions
Treatment with AMARYL^® must be initiated and monitored by a physician. The patient must take AMARYL^® at the times and in the doses prescribed by the doctor, normally at the same time every day. To achieve the goal of treatment of AMARYL^® - optimal control of blood glucose - adherence to correct diet, regular and sufficient physical exercise and, if necessary, reduction of body weight are just as necessary as regular ingestion of AMARYL^®.
Clinical signs of a still insufficiently lowered blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) are e.g. increased urinary frequency (polyuria), intense thirst, dryness of the mouth and dry skin.
In the initial weeks of treatment, the risk of hypoglycaemia may he increased and necessitates especially careful monitoring.
Factors favouring hypoglycaemia include:
unwillingness or (more commonly in older patients) incapacity of the patient to co-operate
Undernourishment, irregular meal times, or skipped meals.
Imbalance between physical exertion and carbohydrate intake.
Alteration of diet.
Consumption of alcohol, especially in combination with skipped meals.
Impaired renal function.
Severe impairment of liver function.
Overdosage with AMARYL^®.
Certain uncompensated disorders of the endocrine system affecting carbohydrate metabolism or counter-regulation of hypoglycaemia (as for example in certain disorders of thyroid function and in anterior pituitary or corticoadrenal insufficiency).
Concurrent administration of certain other medicines (refer to "Interactions").
Treatment with AMARYL^® in the absence of any indication.
The patient must inform the physician about such factors and about hypoglycaemic episodes since they may indicate the need for particularly careful monitoring. If such risk factors for hypoglycaemia are present, it may be necessary to adjust the dosage of AMARYL^® or the entire therapy. This also applies whenever illness occurs during therapy or the patient's life-style changes.
Those symptoms of hypoglycaemia which reflect the body's adrenergic counter-regulation (refer to "Adverse effects") may be milder or absent where hypoglycaemia develops gradually, in the elderly, and where there is autonomic neuropathy or where the patient is receiving concurrent treatment with beta-blockers, clonidine, reserpine, guanethidine or other sympatholytic drugs.
Hypoglycaemia can almost always be promptly controlled by immediate intake of carbohydrates (glucose or sugar, e.g., in the form of sugar lumps, sugar sweetened fruit juice or sugar sweetened tea). For this purpose patients must carry a minimum of 20 grams of glucose with them at all times. They may require the assistance of other persons to avoid complications. Artificial sweeteners are ineffective in controlling hypoglycaemia.
It is known from other sulfonylureas that, despite initially successful countermeasures, hypoglycaemia may recur. Patients must, therefore, remain under close observation. Severe hypoglycaemia further requires immediate treatment and follow-up by a physician and, in some circumstances, in-patient hospital care.
In exceptional stress situations (e.g. trauma, surgery, febrile infections) blood glucose regulation may deteriorate, and a temporary change to insulin may be necessary to maintain good metabolic control.
Insulin is the treatment of choice for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with renal and hepatic dysfunction. No experience has been gained concerning the use of AMARYL^® in patients with impairment of liver function. In patients with severe impairment of renal function, change-over to insulin is indicated, to achieve optimal metabolic control. (See contra-indications)
Interactions:
Patients who take or discontinue taking certain other medicines while undergoing treatment with AMARYL^® may experience changes in blood glucose control.
The following interactions must be considered:
Potentiation of the blood-glucose-lowering effect and, thus, in some instances hypoglycaemia may occur when one of the following drugs is taken, for example:
- insulin and other oral antidiabetics
- MAO inhibitors
- ACE inhibitors
- miconazole
- anabolic steroids and male good hormones
- para-aminosalicyclic acid
- chloramphenicol
- pentoxifylline (high dose parenteral)
- coumarin derivatives
- phenylbutazone, azapropazone, oxyphenbutazone
- cyclophosphamide
- probenecid
- disopyramide
- quinolones
- fenfluramine
- salicylates
- fenyramidol
- sulphinpyrazone
- fibrates
- sulfonamide antibiotics
- fluoxetine
- tetracyclines
- guanethidine
- tritoqualine
- ifosfamide
- trofosfamide
Weakening of the blood-glucose-lowering effect and, thus raised glucose levels may occur when one of the following drugs is taken, for example:
- acetazolamide
- laxatives (after protracted use)
- barbiturates
- nicotinic acid (in high doses)
- corticosteroids
- oestrogens and progestogens
- diazoxide
- phenothiazines
- diuretics
- phenytoin
- epinephrine (adrenaline) and other sympathomimetic agents
- rifampicin
- glucagon
- thyroid hormones
H2 receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, clonidine and reserpine may lead to either potentiation or weakening of the blood-glucose-lowering effect. Under the influence of sympatholytic drugs such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine and reserpine, the signs of adrenergic counter-regulation to hypoglycaemia may be reduced or absent. Both acute and chronic alcohol intake may potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering action of AMARYL^® in an unpredictable fashion.
The effect of coumarin derivatives may be potentiated or weakened.

KNOWN SYMPTOMS OF OVERDOSAGE AND PARTICULARS OF ITS TREATMENT:
Please refer to Special Precautions and Side-Effects
Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.

IDENTIFICATION:

1 mg:	Pink oblong tablets, biplanar with score-line on both sides
2 mg:	Green oblong tablets, biplanar with score-line on both sides
4 mg:	Light blue oblong tablets, biplanar with score-line on both sides

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